NATIVE
PLANT
INDEX
WILD FLOWERS
WETLAND SOILS
WOODLANDS
FERNS
NATIVE LANDSCAPE
FLOWERS GRASSES
BIRDS
BUTTERFLIES
HONEY BEES
NATIVE/POLLEN BEES
HUMMINGBIRDS
BATS
FEEDING WILDLIFE
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SECTION 1
WILD FLOWERS
PRAIRIE
Large tract of grassland without trees.
PRAIRIE PLANTS
amaranth, aster, coneflower, coreopsis, daylily,
feather red grass, fountain grass, gaura, helianthemum,
joe-pye weed, millet, plume poppy, sage, sedum,
sorghum, sunflower, zinna.
PRAIRIE PLANTS
LINKS
BLUE PLANET BIOMES
http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/
PRAIRIE NURSERY
http://www.prairienursery.com/
OHIO PRAIRIE NURSERY
http://www.ohioprairienursery.com/
PRAIRIE SOURCE
http://www.prairiesource.com/
PRAIRIE FRONTIER
http://www.prairiefrontier.com/
MEADOW
Dry upland sites or wet lowland enviroments.
MEADOW PLANTS
agastache, bachelor's botton, coreopsis, crocus,
primrose, flax, gaillardia, gaura, godetia, lupine,
milkweed, nemesia, poppy, queen anne's lace, silvia,
daisy, wallflower, yarrow.
MEADOWS PLANTS
LINKS
LESS LAWN
http://www.lesslawn.com/
GARDEN GAL
http://www.gardengal.net/
AMERICAN MEADOWS
http://americanmeadows.com/
BOG
NATURAL STREAMS , PONDS ,WET AREAS
A mixture of sand and acidic humus (organic/plant material),
has ground water and characterized by isolated hummocks of
moss on the surface.
BOG PLANTS
LINKS
INTERNATIONAL CARNIVOROUS
PLANT SOCIETY
http://www.carnivorousplants.org/
BOTANIQUE
http://www.pitcherplant.com/
POND PLANTS
http://www.pondplants.com/
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SECTION 2
WETLAND
SOILS
WATER
The universal solvent, is NOT a
renewable resource. NO new water is
being made, all water is RECYCLED.
PEAT:
Undercomposed organic material.
MUCK:
Decomposed organic material.
MINERAL:
Mostly sand, silt and clay.
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SECTION 3
WOODLANDS
FOREST
Area where soil organic material mix
to a depth of 12 to 18 inches. This
makes for a moist, well drained soil.
Tree canopies that don't quite touch,
with understory trees. Shrubs and
ground cover of flowering wildflowers,
ferns and mosses.
SEE local sources for trees in your local ZONES.
Your best source will be your local,
COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SYSTEM
FOREST SERVICE MOTTO:
CARING FOR THE LAND AND SERVING PEOPLE.
FORESTRY
LINKS
FORESTRY LINKS
http://www.amfor.org
FORESTRY SCIENCE LAB
http://www.fsl.orst.edu
FORESTS FOR LIFE
http://www.panda.org
FOREST STEWARDSHIP COUNCIL
http://www.fscoax.org
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SECTION 4
FERNS
FERNS
A plant that produces spores instead
of seeds and no flowers and that has
leaves that are usually divided into
many parts.
FERNS
http://www.inetworld.net
Resurrection Ferns
Polypodium Polypodioides
Polypody Ferns
Polypodium Virginianum
Walking Ferns
Camptosorus Rhizophyllus
Maidenhair Ferns
Adiantum Pedatum
Lady Ferns
Athyrium Filix-femina
Royal Ferns
Osmunda Regalis
Cinnamon Ferns
Osmunda Cinnamomea
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SECTION 5
NATIVE
LANDSCAPING:
PLANTINGS TO ATTRACT
BIRDS AND ANIMALS
HABITAT FOR LOCAL WILDLIFE
combination of trees, bushes, brushpiles, and
rock piles make the best refuge from weather
and provide basic needs as,
COVER, WATER, and FOOD.
Many areas that attract birds also attract
squirrels, chipmunks and provides food and nesting.
A buffer zone of hedge or row of shrubs and trees are
energy-conserving landscaping. also this acts as
windbreak, that filters dust from air, raise soil
temperature and air, for earlier planting.
Great to protect flowers, fruit trees berries,and
provide habitat for wildlife. Protects soil from
wind and water erosion.
Attracts beneficial insects. Increase the soil
water holding capacity, protects in area with snow.
DEAD TREES:
ATTRACTS
Insect-eating birds, woodpeckers, flying squirrels.
WEEDY AREAS:
ATTRACTS
Seed/insect-eating birds, rabbits.
SHRUBBY AREAS:
ATTRACTS
Birds, deer.
NATIVE
PLANT
LINKS
AMERICAN MEADOWS
http://www.americanmeadows.com
EASTERN NATIVE SEED CONSERVANCY
http://www.enscseeds.org
ERNST CONSERVATION SEEDS
http://www.ernstseed.com
INVASIVE SPECIES
http://www.invasivespecies.gov/
GREEN LANDSCAPING WITH
NATIVE PLANTS
http://www.epa.gov/greenacres/
LADYBIRD JOHNSON WILDFLOWER CENTER
http://www.wildflower.org
NATIVE AMERICAN SEEDS
http://www.seedsource.com
NATIVE GARDENS
http://www.native-gardens.com
NATIVE SEEDS
http://www.nativeseeds.org
NATURE SERVE
http://www.natureserve.org/
THE NORTH AMERICAN
NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY
http://www.nanps.org
PLANT CONSERVATION ALLIANCE
http://www.nps.gov/plants/
PLANTS DATABASE
http://plants.usda.gov/
UNITED PLANT SAVER
http://www.unitedplantsavers.org/
VIRTUAL SEEDS AND FLAGS
http://www.virtualseeds.com
WASHINGTON NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY
http://www.wnps.org
WESTERN NATIVE SEEDS
http://www.westernnativeseed.com
WILD ONES
http://www.for-wild.org
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SECTION 6
FLOWERS
AND
GRASSES:
EASY TO GROW:
Aster, marigold, sunflower, columbine, delphinium, snapdragon,
zinnia, verbena, panic grass, pokeweed, timothy.
ATTRACTS:
Seed-eating birds,song birds,
Finches, juncos, cardinals, towhees and hummingbirds.
GROUNDCOVERS:
Knotweed, snowberry, blackberry, sagebrush, spicebush,
virginia creeper, viburnium, highbush cranberry,
mapleleaf, nannyberry.
ATTRACTS:
Game birds, as grouse and pheasants. Reptiles,
amphibians, and small mammals, such as rabbits.
SMALL TREES AND SHRUBS:
Sumac, firethorn, hawthorn, tartarian honeysuckle, crabapple,
flowering dogwood, red cedar, cherry, mulberry, elderberry.
ATTRACTS:
Pollinating insects,
Grosbeaks, vireos, bluebirds, and catbirds.
TALL TREES:
Boxelder, white oak, birch, white pine, sugar maple,
pinyon pine, colorado spuce, beech, elm, holly, hemlock.
ATTRACTS:
Migrating birds, squirrels,and chipmunks.
Conifers for nuthatchers, waxwings, crossbills.
OAK TREES:
OFFICIAL TREE OF U.S.
ACORN
Food for squirrels, bluejays and woodpeckers.
SQUIRREL
Eat nuts,acorns,wheat,fruit,bird's eggs and mushrooms.
Sometimes leaves, berries, seeds, oak buds, corn, as
well as insects, moth, bird eggs, and nestling birds.
In early spring, flowers, and buds of wild flowers.
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SECTION 7
FOOD
FOR
BIRDS
NOTE:
FRESH WATER, keep ice-free in winter.
SEED EATING BIRDS:
Yellow corn, rice, millet, hemp and sunflower seeds
bread, crackers, nuts.
INSECT EATING BIRDS:
WINTER FEED
Beef suet, peanut butter, and mealworms.
SUET CAKE RECIPE
1 part peanut butter
2 parts birdseed
5 parts cornmeal
1 part beef suet, melted
Combine ingredients, cool and store in
refrigerator, for up to two weeks.
Can be stored in freezer till needed.
TIP:
A few birds and their favorite foods.
BIRDS:
Flickers, wood and other thrushes, swallows.
food:
BEES, WASPS:
BIRDS:
Flycatchers, kingbirds, tanagers and many others.
food:
CICADAS:
BIRDS:
House wrens, crows, cardinals, and many others.
food:
CUTWORMS:
BIRDS:
Bobwhites, robins, cuckoos, catbirds,
brown thrashers, and many others.
food:
FLIES, GNATS, MIDGES:
BIRDS:
Flycatchers, swallows, martins, and many others.
food:
GRASSHOPPERS, CRICKETS, LOCUSTS:
BIRDS:
Most insect-eating birds.
food:
LEAFHOPPERS:
BIRDS:
Wrens, chickadees, warblers, and many others.
food:
LONG-HORNED BEETLES:
BIRDS:
Woodpeckers.
food;
MOSQUITOES, INSECTS:
BAT
MOST BATS
food:
TREEHOPPERS,MOSQUITOES:
BIRDS:
Flycatchers, blackbirds, vireos, kinglets
and many others.
food:
CHECK bird type for diet.
BERRY PLANTS
FOR BIRDS
AMERICAN CRANBERRY BUSH
Viburnum trilobum
Zones 2 to 8.
ARROWWOOD
Viburnum dentatum
Zones 2 to 8.
BARBERRIES
Berberis spp.
Zones 4 to 8.
BLACK CURRANT
Ribes nigrum
Zones 4 to 8.
ELDERBERRIES
Sambusus spp.
Zones 4 to 8.
JUNEBERRIES
Amelanchier spp.
Zones 2 to 8.
STRAWBERRIES
fragaria spp.
Zones 4 to 8.
PLANTINGS
TO ATTRACT
BIRDS TO
YOUR GARDENS
CHECK YOUR LOCAL ZONE
FOR THOSE SUITED TO YOUR AREA:
SHRUBS AND
SMALL TREES
TO ATTRACT BIRDS
BAYBERRY
BLACKHAW
BUCKHORN
CRANBERRY
DOGWOOD
ELDERBERRY
GRAY DOGWOOD
SILKY DOGWOOD
HONEYSUCKLE
INKBERRY
JAPANESE BARBERRY
AUTUMN OLIVE
RUSSIAN OLIVE
PYRACANTHA
WINTERBERRY
VIBURNUM
VINES
TO ATTRACT
BIRDS
BITTERSWEET
GREENBRIER
HALL'S HONEYSUCKLE
VIRGINIA CREEPER
WILD GRAPES
TREES
TO ATTRACT
BIRDS
ALDER
ASH
BEECH
BIRCH
FLOWERING CRAB
FLOWERING DOGWOOD
HAWTHORN
LINDEN
MAPLE
MULBERRY
NORWAY SPUCE
OAK
RED CEDAR
WHITE SPRUCE
HEMLOCK
WHITE PINE
JUNIPER
TREE
LINKS
BOREAL FOREST
http://www.borealforest.org/
TREE BASE
http://www.treebase.org
TREE DICTIONARY
http://www.treedictionary.com/
TREE GUIDE
http://www.treeguide.com
TREE HELP
http://www.treehelp.com
BIRD
LINKS:
BIRDS OF PREY
http://www.birdsofprey.org
BIRD WATCHER
http://www.birdwatchers.com
BIRD WATCHER DIGEST
http://www.birdwatchersdigest.com
NUTTY BIRDWATCHER
http://www.birdnature.com
ROCKY MOUNTAIN EAGLE RESEARCH FOUNDATION
http://www.eaglewatch.ca
WILD BIRD CENTER OF AMERICA
http://www.wildbirdcenter.com
WILD BIRD FOREVER
http://www.birdsforever.com
BIRD
HOUSES
LINKS
WOODWORKER WORKSHOP
http://www.woodworkersworkshop.com/
AMAZING BIRDHOUSE GUIDE
http://www.amazingbirdhouseguide.com/
A BIRDS HOME
http://www.abirdshome.com/
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SECTION 8
PLANTINGS
TO ATTRACT
BUTTERFLIES
BEES
HUMMINGBIRDS
BUTTERFLIES:
Choosing the location for your garden is important.
Butterflies do love sun, they use their wings as
solar panels, warming their bodies so they can
fly. Also, most butterfly plants prefer full sun.
Shrubs and trees will provide the protection that
butterflies need on windy or rainy days, as well
as providing a location for butterflies to roost
at night. Grouping plants with similar needs for
mass effect to attract butterflies is also helpful.
NECTAR
PLANTS:
FOOD:
Eats nectar, tree sap, fruit juices.
Flowering nectar plants are the most
important source of food and nourishment
for adult butterflies. Nectar is a sweet,
sugary substance produced by many flowers.
The butterfly obtains sugars from it that
it needs for energy to surviveand fly.
ATTRACTED TO:
Plants that are deep pink, scarlet, bright
blue and generally very fragrant.
PLANTS:
Native Plants:
Research native varieties available
in your area, zone.
Butterfly Weed
Asclepias Tuberosa
Milkweed
Asclepia Speciosa
Indigo Bush
Amorpha Fruticosa
Amorpha Canescens
Dogbane
Apocynum Androsaemifolium
Shrubby Cinquefoil
Potentilla Fruticosa
Cutleat Coneflowers
Rudbeckia Laciniata
Black-eyed Susan
Rudbeckia hirta
BUTTERFLY
LINKS
BUTTERFLY HOUSE AND FARMS
http://www.butterfly-houses.com
BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS
http://www.butterflies-moths.com
BUTTERFLY CONSERVATION
http://www.butterfly-conservation.org
THE BUTTERFLY SITE
http://www.thebutterflysite.com
THE BUTTERFLY WEBSITE
http://www.butterflywebsite.com
THE BUTTERFLY HOUSE
http://www.butterflyhouse.org
INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF
BUTTERFLY EXHIBITION
http://www.butterflyexhibitions.org
BUTTERFLY
HOUSE
LINKS
THE BUTTERFLY SITE
http://www.butterfly-houses.com/
BUTTERFLY HOUSE WEBSITE
http://www.butterflyhouses.net/
BUTTERFLY HOUSES
http://www.abirdshome.com/butterfly.html/
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SECTION 9
HONEY
BEES
HONEY BEES
Wing insect that gathers nectar and
pollen from flowers and make honey
from the nectar. These bees live in
large, colonies and produce wax.
ATTRACTED TO:
Variety of flowers, fruit blossoms,
shrubs, trees, even some weeds.
food
Eats nector, tree sap, fruit juices.
PLANTS
Alfalfa, aster, basswood, clover, dandelion,
citrus, goldenrod, sage, tupelo
and a variety of blossoming plant.
APIARY
A place where bees are kept,
group of bee hives.
APICULTURE
The art of bee keeping.
HONEY
BEES
LINKS
BEEKEEPING IN NEW ZEALAND
http://www.beekeeping.co.nz/
THE BEEKEEPING PORTAL
http://www.beekeeping.com/
THE BEE WORKS
http://www.beeworks.com/
BLOSSOMLAND SUPPLY
http://www.blossomland.com/
THE BRITISH BEEKEEPER ASSOCIATION
http://www.bbka.org.uk/
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SECTION 9A
NATIVE
POLLEN
BEES
Before Europeans brought honey bees to
North America, pollen bees did all of the
bee pollination work here. (Apoidea) are
called pollen bees, because they are valued
only for their services as pollinators.
Although they do make honey from nectar,
they make only a little of it. There are
over 20,000 species of pollen bees world
wide. Pollen bees have diversified to
occupy all habitats, except underwater
and in Antarctica.
HONEYBEE
NATIVE BEE
PLANTS
Asters
Barberry
Bladder Campion
Black Cherry
Black-eyed Susan
Black Medic
Bluebells
Blue-Eyed Grass
Bird's Foot Trefoil
Blue Weed
Buckthorn
Butter And Eggs
Buttercups
Catnip
Chicory
Chives
Cinquefoil
Choke Cherry
Climbing nightshade
Clover, red
Clover, Sweet
Clover, White Dutch
Cranberry
Dandelion
Dogbane
Echinacea
Fireweed
Elder
Fleabane
Geranium (Wild)
Goat's Beard
Goldenrod
Gooseberry
Hawkweed (yellow, orange)
Hawkweed, mouse ear
Honeysuckle
Joe Pye Weed
Maple Trees
Milkweed
Mossy stonecrop
Mullein
Mustard
Oregano (wild)
Potentilla
Poplar Trees
Purple Loosestrife
Pussy Toes
Queen Anne's Lace
Raspberry(wild)
Rose, Wild
Service Berry
Sumac
St. John's Wort
Stitchwort
Strawberry (wild)
Sweetclover
Thistles
Vetch
Violets
Willow Trees
Yarrow
POLLEN
NATIVE
BEES
LINKS
ATTRA
http://www.attra.org/
GREAT PLAINS NATURE CENTER
http://www.gpnc.org/
MOTHER EARTH NEWS
http://www.motherearthnews.com/
THE NEW FARM
http://www.newfarm.org/
ORGANIC AG INFO
http://www.organicaginfo.org/
POLLINATOR PARADISE
http://www.pollinatorparadise.com/
THE XERCES SOCIETY
http://www.xerces.org/
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SECTION 10
HUMMINGBIRDS:
HABITAT:
Open woodlands, swampy thickets and
other areas with bright flowers.
ATTRACTED TO:
Plants with bright red flowers, that are long
and tubular, suc as bee balm, and honeysuckle.
FOOD:
Feeds on nector and small insects.
PLANTS:
Indian Paintbrush
Castilleja Intregra
Scarlet Bugler
Penstemon Barbatus
Sky Rocket
Ipomopsis Aggregata
Hummingbird Trumpet
Zauschneria Latifolia
Hedge-Nettle
Stachys Coccinea
Columbine
Aquilegia Canadensis
Cardinal Flowers
Lobelia Cardinalis
Autumn Sage
Silvia Greggii
HUMMINGBIRDS
LINKS
OPERATION RUBYTROAT
http://www.rubytroat.org
HUMMINGBIRDS
http://www.hummingbirds.net
THE HUMMINGBIRD SOCIETY
http://www.hummingbird.org
HUMMINGBIRD STUDY GROUP
http://www.hummingbirdsplus.org
THE HUMMINGBIRD WEBSITE
http://hummingbirdwebsite.com
HUMMINGBIRD WORLD
http://hummingbirdworld.com
MSCHLOE
http://www.mschloe.com
WILD BIRDS FOREVER
http://www.birdsforever.com
WILD BIRDS UNLIMITED
http://www.wbu.com
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SECTION 11
BATS:
Any of a group of mammals
that fly by means of long
limbs modified into wings.
One bat may eat 3,000 or more insects,
including many mosquitoes, in a single
night. Fruit-eating bats are nature's
most important seed-dispersing mammals.
BAT
LINKS
BAT CALLS
http://www.batcalls.org/
BAT CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL
http://www.batcon.org/
THE BAT CONSERVATION TRUST
http://www.bats.org.uk/
BATCON
http://www.batcon.org/
BAT WORLD
http://www.batworld.org/
ORGANIZATION FOR BAT CONSERVATION
http://www.batconservation.org/
BAT HOUSES
LINKS
BATCON
http://www.batcon.org/
NOBLE KNIGHTS
http://www.nobleknights.com/
BAT HOUSE PLANS
http://www.houseplansrus.com/bathouseplans/
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SECTION 12
FEEDING
WILDLIFE
BEWARE:
OF FEEDING WILDLIFE
ALL WILDLIFE IS
WILD:
RABBITS:
Fresh vegetables, some fruits.
RACCOONS:
Fresh, canned, and smoked fish,
watermelons, sweet corn.
SKUNKS:
Chickens entrails, canned or fresh fish,
insect larvae.
SQUIRRELS:
Cereals, grains, nuts(ESPECILLY PEANUTS)
sunflower seeds, oatmeal mixed with peanut
butter mixed with molasses, popcorn, milo.
WEASELS:
Fish, fesh liver, chicken entrails.
WOODCHUCKS:
Beans, peas, corn, lettuce.
CHIPMUNKS:
Fruit pits, unroasted peanuts, corn, sunflower seeds,
peanuts butter, cereals, grains, popcorn.
FLYING SQUIRRELS:
Apples, seeds, peanuts.
GOPHERS:
Breads, peanut butter mixed with molasses.
MUSKRATS:
Fresh vegetables, carrots, fruits.
OPOSSUM:
Vegetables, apples, chicken entrails,
sardines, bacon.
PORCUPINES:
Apples, carrots, other fruits.
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