TYPES
OF
RACISM
RACISM
TYPES OF RACISM
TYPES OF RACISM LINKS
BACK TO TOP
SECTION 1
RACISM
Defining Racism Beyond its Dictionary Meaning
A System of Power, Privilege, and Oppression
The 7 Forms of Racism
Representational Racism
Ideological Racism
Discursive Racism
Interactional Racism
Institutional Racism
Structural Racism
Systemic Racism
Defining Racism Beyond its Dictionary Meaning
https://www.thoughtco.com/racism-definition-3026511
BACK TO TOP
SECTION 2
TYPES
OF
RACISM
Race and Racism
The idea of race has a complex history. It has been used for centuries
to categorize, reward, and penalize people based on perceived differences.
Despite often being misguidedly defined by skin tone and other physical
attributes, race has no genetic basis. This powerful social construction
has a tremendous impact on individuals’ lives because it is often employed
to establish and maintain privilege and power dynamics. Access to resources
and opportunities are often distributed along racial lines.
Commonly defined as “prejudice + power,” racism is prejudice or discrimination
against someone based on his/her race. Underlying this is the belief that
certain racial groups are superior to others. Racism can be manifested through
beliefs, policies, attitudes, and actions. Racism comes in several forms,
including:
Individual or internalized racism
This is racism that exists within individuals. It is when one holds negative
ideas about his/her own culture, even if unknowingly. Xenophobic feelings or
one’s internalized sense of oppression/privilege are two examples of individual
or internalized racism.
Interpersonal racism
This is the racism that occurs between individuals. It is the holding of negative
attitudes towards a different race or culture. Interpersonal racism often follows
a victim/perpetrator model.
Institutional racism
Recognizing that racism need not be individualist or intentional, institutional
racism refers to institutional and cultural practices that perpetuate racial
inequality. Benefits are structured to advantage powerful groups as the expense
of others. Jim Crow laws and redlining practices are two examples of institutional
racism.
Structural racism
Structural racism refers to the ways in which the joint operation of institutions
(i.e., inter-institutional arrangements and interactions) produce racialized
outcomes, even in the absence of racist intent. Indicators of structural racism
include power inequalities, unequal access to opportunities, and differing policy
outcomes by race. Because these effects are reinforced across multiple institutions,
the root causes of structural racism are difficult to isolate. Structural racism is
cumulative, pervasive, and durable.
TYPES OF RACISM
https://www.shorelineschools.org/site/default.aspx?PageType=3&ModuleInstanceID=3131&ViewID=DEDCCD34-7C24-4AF2-812A-33C0075398BC&RenderLoc=0&FlexDataID=24891&PageID=1951&Tag=&Comments=true
BACK TO TOP
TYPES OF
RACIAL INEQUITY
https://www.seattle.gov/Documents/Departments/RSJI/Defining-racism.pdf
Structural
Racism
https://www.intergroupresources.com/rc/Definitions%20of%20Racism.pdf
Societal
Racism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Societal_racism
Glossary for Understanding
the Dismantling Structural
Racism/Promoting Racial
Equity Analysis
https://www.aspeninstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/files/content/docs/rcc/RCC-Structural-Racism-Glossary.pdf
BACK TO TOP
Structural
Racism
https://www.racialequitytools.org/resources/fundamentals/core-concepts/structural-racism
Racial
Equity
Tools
https://www.racialequitytools.org/
APA Presidential
Task Force on
Structural Racism
Glossary of Terms
https://www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/structural-racism-task-force/glossary-of-terms
Institutional
Racism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institutional_racism
Systemic Racism
vs.
Institutional Racism
https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Racism/smd.shahid.pdf
BACK TO TOP
SECTION 3
TYPES
OF
RACISM
LINKS
5 Examples of Institutional
Racism in the United States
https://www.thoughtco.com/examples-of-institutional-racism-in-the-u-s-2834624
11 Terms You Should
Know to Better Understand
Structural Racism
https://www.aspeninstitute.org/blog-posts/structural-racism-definition/
Forms of Racism
https://www.aclrc.com/forms-of-racism
Four Levels of Racism
https://www.cacgrants.org/assets/ce/Documents/2019/FourLevelsOfRacism.pdf
How Structural
Racism Works
https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMms2025396
How Structural
Racism Works Project
https://www.brown.edu/academics/race-ethnicity/programs-initiatives/signature-series/how-structural-racism-works-project
Institutional Racism
https://fpg.unc.edu/sites/fpg.unc.edu/files/resources/other-resources/What%20Racism%20Looks%20Like.pdf
Institutional Racism in
the Health Care System
https://www.aafp.org/about/policies/all/institutional-racism.html
BACK TO TOP
Institutional Racism
and the Police:
Fact or Fiction?
http://www.civitas.org.uk/pdf/cs06.pdf
Institutional racism
in the United States
https://www.jstor.org/stable/23712909
Structural Racism
https://www.giarts.org/article/structural-racism
Structural Racism
in America
https://www.urban.org/features/structural-racism-america
STRUCTURAL RACISM AND
HEALTH INEQUITIES
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4306458/
Systematic Inequality
https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/race/reports/2018/02/21/447051/systematic-inequality/
Types of racisms
https://www.futurelearn.com/info/courses/first-peoples-safer-healthcare/0/steps/50675
Understanding 4
Different Types of Racism
https://www.thoughtco.com/4-different-types-of-racism-2834982
What are structural,
institutional and
systemic racism?
https://abc7news.com/systemic-racism-definition-structural-institutionalized-what-is/6292530/
BACK TO TOP
Natives Wiki
http://tribalspedia.wikia.com/wiki/Natives_Wiki
Islamic Wiki
http://islam.wikia.com/
Understanding
Prejudice
https://secure.understandingprejudice.org/
Racial Equity
Resource Guide
http://www.racialequityresourceguide.org/
Sexism
http://www.understandingprejudice.org/
RACE RELATIONS INDEX
MINORITY ETHNIC INDEX
HOME
E-MAIL
BACK TO TOP